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同等学力英语介词with的用法

  同等学力英语考试的难度相当于英语4级到6级之间的难度,其中主要考核考生的英语词汇积累、句型理解的情况。with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。下面新阳光教育为大家全面分析with的语法,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
 
  一、 with结构的构成
 
  它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:
 
  1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;
 
  2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;
 
  3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;
 
  4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;
 
  5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
 
  下面分别举例:
 
  1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)
 
  2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)
 
  3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
 
  4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)
 
  5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)
 
  6、Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)
 
  二、with结构的用法
 
  在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。
 
  With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如:
 
  1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.
 
  2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
 
  3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
 
  三、 with结构的特点
 
  1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)
 
  2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.
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