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同等学力英语考试非谓语动词复习

  一、总述
  非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是动词的非限定形式。在句子中起着一些特殊的作用。一般来说,动词不定式可充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分;动名词只可作句子的主语、定语、表语、宾语和补语;分词只能作定语、表语、状语及补语。即使是作同一种成分,不同非谓语形式之间仍然存在差异。不定式作状语时,可表示目的、原因、结果和方式等;分词作状语不仅可表示原因、结果方式,还可以表示时间、条件、伴随情况及让步等。因此考生在做题时应分析状语表达的是何种意思,才能做也正确的选择。
  二、重要考点
  1. 动词不定式
  不定式是指带to 的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语和状语。
  A. 作定语
  (1) 动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如:
  He’s a pleasant fellow to work with.
  There’s nothing to worry about.
  (2) 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan 等。例如:
  Women should have the right to receive education.
  There is no time to hesitate.
  (3) the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式作定语。例如:
  The monitor will be the first to come.
  He was the last man to blame.
  B. 作状语
  (1) 作目的状语不定式作状语时,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示强调,亦可置于句首。其否定形式为:在不定式符号前加not。例如:
  He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.
  To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.
  I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.
  (2) 作结果状语。例如:
  We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
  She left home, never to return again.
  (3) 作原因状语
  不定式作原因状语时,一般放在句子末尾。例如:
  She burst into laughter to see his funny action.
  The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.
  (4) 有些固定词组带to 不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句子中作独立成分。这些词有:to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth 等。例如:
  To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.
  To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.
  2. 动名词
  动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式,由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成。与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。以下主要介绍其作定语及状语的情况。
  A. 作定语。例如:
  None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.
  The spe
  eeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.
  B. 作状语
  介词 + 动名词可以作状语用,表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如:
  After finishing the job, he went home.
  He was blamed for having done something wrong.
  They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.
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