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同等学力英语语法名词考点(2)

  名词在句子中的作用
  名词在句子中有以下几种重要作用,如做主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。它是句子中最主要的词。
  (一)主语
  1. 句子的主语:
  Father is working on the farm. / Mary visited her teacher yesterday. / A beautiful ship will sail on this river tomorrow. / Some goods have arrived.
  句子中的黑体字均表示“谁……”或“什么……”,即动作的执行者。一般都放在句首。
  2. 动名词逻辑上的主语:
  They thought Tom’s going there a mistake. / Mary’s getting married will be announced next month.
  句子中的黑体字均为动名词逻辑上的主语,表示动名词going,getting的执行者。
  3. 分词上的逻辑主语:
  Peter being ill,his mother has to stay at home. / The sun having set,children went home. / She came into the classroom,her face covered with sweat.
  句子中的黑体字均为分词上的逻辑主语,表示这是“谁”的情况,如Peter 生病、太阳落山等。
  (二)宾语
  He has a pretty cat. / Teacher can help Rose. / The sailor crossed the dangerous river easily. / Students should do their homework alone.
  句子中的黑体字均表示动作的承受者,通常放在及物动词的后面。
  She gave John a bag. / The grandmother is telling children a story. / The little boy brought mother an orange. / The wife cooked her husband a big fish.
  句子中的黑体字均为双宾动词的宾语,其中,指人的为间接宾语,如John,mother等;指物的为间接宾语,如bag,fish等。
  以下是介词的宾语:
  I went to school everyday. / They are talking about the traffic accident. / On Friday,we always have our English lessons.
  句子中的黑体字均为介词的宾语,表示与介词有关的东西,和介词一起表达一个完整的意思。这种宾语一般跟在介词后,和介词一起构成介词短语。
  (三)表语
  My sister is a doctor. / He has become an artist. / The ruins have been a famous building.
  句子中的黑体字均为表语,表示主语是“谁”、“成为什么”。主语和其补足语往往指同一个人或同样东西。句子的动词为系动词。
  (四)宾语的补足语
  Many people now consider the family a school. / They elected him president. / All the students in that class knew their monitor a coward.
  句子中的黑体字均为宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明,表示它“成为什么”、“被认为如何”等。它和宾语有密切关系,通常紧跟宾语其后。
  (五)状语
  He will arrive here next week. / We have walked eight miles. / It is six inches. / He will be back Monday.
  句子中的黑体字均为状语,这些状语用来修饰动词或形容词,表长度时间等。在多种情况下,其前面有修饰语,有时也可以单独做状语。
  (六)同位语
  My friend John is a pleasant person. / This is Mr. Smith,headmaster of No.3 Middle School. / My roommate bought many things: books,pencils and stamps.
  句子中的黑体字均为同位语,表示其前面名词或代词究竟指什么,或对其前面的名词或代词做补充说明,如John,headmaster,和books,pencils and stamps 分别对friend,Mr. Smith,things 做进一步的说明。
  (七)定语
  My family lives in a country house. / They are at the harvest festival. / He often visits night club. / His uncle met a silver smith that day.
  句子中的黑体字均为定语,修饰其后面的另一个名词,或与另一个名词构成合成词。
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